Njengoba kubhekene nokwanda kokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuwohloka kwamahlathi, kanye nosongo olusondelayo lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, uqalo kanye ne-rattan kuvela njengamaqhawe angadunyiswanga ekufuneni izixazululo ezisimeme. Naphezu kokungahlukaniswa njengezihlahla—uqalo luwutshani kanti i-rattan iyisundu elikhuphukayo—lezi zitshalo eziguquguqukayo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo emahlathini emhlabeni jikelele. Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yi-International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation (INBAR) kanye neRoyal Botanic Gardens, eKew, luthole izinhlobo zoqalo ezingaphezu kuka-1600 kanye nezinhlobo zoqalo ezingama-600, ezihlanganisa i-Afrika, i-Asia kanye neMelika.
Umthombo Wokuphila Kwezitshalo Nezilwane
I-bamboo ne-rattan zisebenza njengemithombo ebalulekile yokondla kanye nendawo yokukhosela izilwane zasendle eziningi, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo eziningana ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. I-panda enkulu edumile, enokudla kwayo okugxile ku-bamboo okungafika ku-40 kg ngosuku, iyisibonelo esisodwa nje. Ngaphandle kwama-panda, izidalwa ezifana ne-panda ebomvu, i-gorilla yasezintabeni, indlovu yaseNdiya, ibhere elinobuhle laseNingizimu Melika, ufudu lwe-ploughshare, kanye ne-Madagascar bamboo lemur zonke zithembele ku-bamboo ukuze zondleke. Izithelo ze-rattan zinikeza ukudla okunempilo okubalulekile ezinyonini ezahlukene, amalulwane, izinkawu, kanye nebhere lase-Asia.
Ngaphezu kokondla izilwane zasendle, uqalo lubonakala luwumthombo obalulekile wokudla kwemfuyo, lunikeza ukudla okungabizi kakhulu, okuphekwa unyaka wonke kwezinkomo, izinkukhu nezinhlanzi. Ucwaningo lwe-INBAR lubonisa ukuthi ukudla okuhlanganisa amaqabunga eqalo kuthuthukisa kanjani inani lokudla okunomsoco kokudla, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukukhiqizwa kobisi lwezinkomo minyaka yonke ezindaweni ezifana neGhana neMadagascar.
Izinsizakalo Ezibalulekile Zesistimu Yezinto Eziphilayo
Umbiko ka-2019 we-INBAR kanye ne-CIFOR uqokomisa izinsizakalo zemvelo ezahlukahlukene nezinomthelela ezinikezwa amahlathi e-bamboo, zidlula lezo zasezindaweni zotshani, izindawo zezolimo, kanye namahlathi awonakele noma atshaliwe. Umbiko ugcizelela indima ye-bamboo ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo zokulawula, njengokuvuselelwa kwendawo, ukulawulwa kokuguguleka komhlaba, ukuvuselelwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kanye nokuhlanzwa kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bamboo inegalelo elikhulu ekusekeleni izindlela zokuphila zasemakhaya, okwenza kube yindawo enhle kakhulu yokutshala amahlathi noma izindawo eziwonakele.
Enye yezinsizakalo eziphawulekayo ze-bamboo emvelweni yikhono layo lokubuyisela umhlaba owonakele. Izimpande ezibanzi ezingaphansi komhlaba ze-bamboo zibopha inhlabathi, zivimbele ukugeleza kwamanzi, futhi zisinde ngisho nalapho i-biomass engaphezulu komhlaba ibhujiswa ngomlilo. Amaphrojekthi asekelwa yi-INBAR ezindaweni ezifana ne-Allahabad, eNdiya, abonise ukwenyuka kwetafula lamanzi kanye nokuguqulwa kwendawo eyayingasasebenzi kahle ngaphambili yokumba izitini ibe yindawo yokulima ekhiqizayo. E-Ethiopia, i-bamboo iyinhlobo ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni oluxhaswe yiBhange Lomhlaba lokubuyisela izindawo zokugcina amanzi ezonakalisiwe, ezihlanganisa amahektha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 emhlabeni jikelele.
Umthombo Wokuphila Oqhubekayo
I-bamboo kanye ne-rattan, njengoba ziyimithombo ekhula ngokushesha futhi ezizivuselelayo, zisebenza njengezivikelo ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinto eziphilayo okuhambisana nakho. Ukukhula kwazo okusheshayo kanye nobuningi obukhulu be-culm kwenza amahlathi e-bamboo akwazi ukuhlinzeka nge-biomass eningi kunamahlathi emvelo natshaliwe, okwenza abe yigugu kakhulu ekudleni, ekudleni, ezingodweni, e-bioenergy, nasezintweni zokwakha. I-rattan, njengesitshalo esigcwalisa kabusha ngokushesha, ingavunwa ngaphandle kokulimaza izihlahla.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokunciphisa ubumpofu kubonakala ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-INBAR's Dutch-Sino-East Africa Bamboo Development Programme. Ngokutshala uqalo ezindaweni ezivikelekile zamapaki kazwelonke, lolu hlelo alugcini nje ngokuhlinzeka imiphakathi yendawo ngezinto zokwakha ezisimeme kanye nezinsiza zezandla kodwa futhi luvikela izindawo zokuhlala zama-gorilla endawo asezintabeni.
Enye iphrojekthi ye-INBAR eChishui, eShayina, igxile ekuvuseleleni ubuciko be-bamboo. Isebenzisana ne-UNESCO, lo mkhankaso usekela imisebenzi yokuziphilisa esimeme esebenzisa i-bamboo ekhula ngokushesha njengomthombo wemali engenayo. I-Chishui, indawo ye-UNESCO World Heritage, ibeka imingcele eqinile yokulondoloza imvelo yayo, futhi i-bamboo ivela njengento ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni kokubili ukulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nenhlalakahle yezomnotho.
Indima ye-INBAR Ekukhuthazeni Imikhuba Eqhubekayo
Kusukela ngo-1997, i-INBAR ibilokhu isekela ukubaluleka kwe-bamboo ne-rattan ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme, okuhlanganisa nokuvikelwa kwamahlathi kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi le nhlangano idlale indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke ye-bamboo yaseShayina, ihlinzeka ngezincomo ngamaphrojekthi afana ne-Bamboo Biodiversity Project.
Njengamanje, i-INBAR ibandakanyeka ekuhleleni ukusatshalaliswa kwe-bamboo emhlabeni jikelele, inikeza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha izinkulungwane zabazuzi minyaka yonke abavela emazweni ayo angamalungu ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuphathwa okungcono kwezinsizakusebenza. NjengoMqapheli we-UN Convention on Biological Diversity, i-INBAR ikhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukufakwa kwe-bamboo kanye ne-rattan ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zezwe nezesifunda kanye nokuhlelwa kwamahlathi.
Empeleni, uqalo kanye ne-rattan kuvela njengabalingani abanamandla ekulweni nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokulahlekelwa yizinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lezi zitshalo, ezivame ukunganakwa ezinqubweni zamahlathi ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwazo okungewona imithi, zibonisa amandla azo njengamathuluzi anamandla entuthuko esimeme kanye nokulondolozwa kwemvelo. Ukudansa okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwalezi zitshalo eziqinile kanye nezindawo zemvelo ezihlala kuzo kubonisa ikhono lemvelo lokunikeza izixazululo uma zinikezwa ithuba.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 10-2023
