I-bamboo, utshani obukhula ngokushesha futhi obuguquguqukayo kakhulu emhlabeni | Ubuchwepheshe

I-bamboo iwutshani, isitshalo esikhulu kodwa esinobuthi emndenini wotshani (i-Poaceae) esinezici ezithile ezihlukile: Izitshalo ngazinye zezinhlobo ezithile zikhula kusukela ku-70 cm kuya ku-1 m (27.5 inches kanye no-39.3 inches). . Ikwazi ukubamba i-carbon dioxide ephindwe kathathu kuya kane ngosuku kunezinye izitshalo, iqhakaza njalo eminyakeni eyi-100 kuya ku-150 ngokwesilinganiso kodwa bese iyafa, izimpande zayo zingajulile ngaphezu kuka-100 cm (39.3 inches), yize zinde lapho zikhula, iziqu zayo zingafinyelela kumamitha angu-25 (82.02 ft) eminyakeni emithathu nje, futhi zinganikeza umthunzi ophindwe izikhathi ezingu-60 endaweni, kodwa zingadluli kumamitha-skwele amathathu. UManuel Trillo no-Antonio Vega-Rioja, izazi zebhayoloji ezimbili eziqeqeshwe eNyuvesi yaseSeville eningizimu yeSpain, bakhe indawo yokuqala yokukhulisa uqalo eqinisekisiwe eYurophu. I-lab yabo iyilabhu yezitshalo yokuhlola nokusebenzisa zonke izinzuzo isitshalo esinazo, kodwa imibono yabantu ngalezi zinzuzo igxile kakhulu kunezimpande zesitshalo.
Kukhona amahhotela, izindlu, izikole kanye namabhuloho e-bamboo. Utshani obukhula ngokushesha emhlabeni, lobu tshani buhlinzeka ngokudla, umoya-mpilo, kanye nomthunzi, futhi buyakwazi ukwehlisa amazinga okushisa emvelo afinyelela kuma-degree Celsius ayi-15 uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezikhanyiswa ukukhanya kwelanga. Kodwa-ke, buthwala umthwalo wamanga wokubhekwa njengohlobo oluhlaselayo, naphezu kokuthi cishe izinhlobo ezingama-20 kuphela kwezingaphezu kuka-1,500 ezikhonjwe zibhekwa njengezihlaselayo, futhi ezindaweni ezithile kuphela.
"Ubandlululo luvela ekudidekeni kwemvelaphi nokuziphatha. Amazambane, utamatisi nama-orenji nawo awaveli eYurophu, kodwa awangeni. Ngokungafani namakhambi, izimpande ze-bamboo ziphakathi nendawo. Zikhiqiza isiqu esisodwa kuphela [igatsha elivela emlenzeni ofanayo, izimbali noma ameva]," kusho uVega Rioja.
Uyise kaVega Rioja, umakhi wezakhiwo zobuchwepheshe, waba nesithakazelo kulezi zimboni. Wadlulisela uthando lwakhe endodaneni yakhe njengososayensi wezinto eziphilayo, futhi kanye nomlingani wakhe uManuel Trillo, basungula ilabhorethri yezitshalo zemvelo ukuze batadishe futhi bethule lezi zitshalo njengezinto zokuhlobisa, zezimboni kanye nezesimo sezulu. Lena indawo lapho kwavela khona iLa Bambuseria, etholakala ngamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka enhloko-dolobha yase-Andalusia, kanye nendawo yokuqala yokukhulisa uqalo engangenisi umswakama eYurophu.
“Siqoqe imbewu engu-10,000, engu-7,500 yayo yamila, futhi sakhetha cishe engu-400 ngenxa yezimpawu zayo,” kuchaza uVega Rioja. Elabhorethri yakhe yezitshalo, ehlanganisa ihektha elilodwa kuphela (amahektha angu-2.47) esigodini esivundile soMfula iGuadalquivir, ubonisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ezivumelaniswe nezimo zezulu ezahlukene: ezinye zazo zingamelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku--12 degrees Celsius (10.4 degrees Celsius). Fahrenheit. amazinga okushisa futhi zisinde ezivunguvungwini zasebusika zasePhilomena, kanti ezinye zikhula ezingwadule. Indawo enkulu eluhlaza ihluke kakhulu emapulazini aseduze e-sunflower namazambane. Izinga lokushisa lomgwaqo we-asphalt emnyango lalingu-40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). Izinga lokushisa endaweni yokukhulisa izitshalo lalingu-25.1 degrees Celsius (77.2 degrees Fahrenheit).
Ngisho noma izisebenzi ezingaba ngu-50 zivuna amazambane angaphansi kwamamitha angu-50 ukusuka ehhotela, kuzwakala imisindo yezinyoni kuphela ngaphakathi. Izinzuzo ze-bamboo njengento emunca umsindo ziye zafundwa ngokucophelela futhi ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi iyinto efanelekile yokumunca umsindo.
Kodwa amandla alesi sitshalo esikhulu semithi makhulu kakhulu. I-bamboo, eyakha isisekelo sokudla kwe-giant panda ngisho nokubonakala kwayo, ibilokhu ikhona empilweni yabantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ngokusho kwe-Scientific Reports.
Isizathu salokhu kuqhubeka ukuthi ngaphezu kokuba umthombo wokudla, isakhiwo sayo esikhethekile, esihlaziywe ocwaningweni lwe-National Science Review, asizange sishaywe indiva ngabantu. Le divayisi isetshenziswe emiklamweni eyahlukahlukene noma ukonga amandla afinyelela ku-20% lapho kuthuthwa imithwalo esindayo kusetshenziswa izisekelo ezilula. “Lawa mathuluzi amahle kodwa alula anganciphisa umsebenzi wezandla wabasebenzisi,” kuchaza uRyan Schroeder wase-University of Calgary kuyi-Journal of Experimental Biology.
Esinye isihloko esanyatheliswa ku-GCB Bioenergy sichaza indlela uqalo olungaba ngayo umthombo wokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. “I-Bioethanol kanye ne-biochar yimikhiqizo eyinhloko engatholakala,” kuchaza uZhiwei Liang wase-Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
Isihluthulelo sokuguquguquka kwe-bamboo ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo kwemicu esilinda sayo esingenalutho, esilungiselelwe ukuthuthukisa amandla ayo kanye nekhono lokugoba. “Ukulingisa ukukhanya namandla e-bamboo, indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-biomimicry, kuye kwaba yimpumelelo ekuxazululeni izinkinga eziningi ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto,” kusho uMotohiro Sato waseHokkaido University, ongumbhali wesifundo se-Plos One. Ngenxa yalokhu, ulwelwesi oluqukethe amanzi lwe-bamboo lwenza kube yisitshalo esikhula ngokushesha emhlabeni, futhi lokhu kuphefumulele ithimba labacwaningi eQueensland University of Technology ukuthi bathuthukise ama-electrode ebhethri asebenza kahle ukuze bashaje ngokushesha.
Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-bamboo bukhulu kakhulu, kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zasekhishini ezibolayo kuya ekukhiqizweni kwamabhayisikili noma ifenisha kuzo zonke izindawo zokwakha. Izazi zebhayoloji ezimbili zaseSpain seziqalile kakade le ndlela. “Asikaze siyeke ucwaningo,” kusho uTrillo, okumele anezele ulwazi lwakhe lwebhayoloji ngolwazi lwezolimo. Abacwaningi bayavuma ukuthi babengeke bakwazi ukufeza lo msebenzi ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kwakhe, akuthola kumakhelwane wakhe u-Emilio Jiménez ngeziqu ze-master's practical.
Ukuzibophezela kuma-laboratory ezitshalo kwenze iVega-Rioja yaba ngumthumeli wokuqala wezitshalo osemthethweni eThailand. Yena noTrillo bayaqhubeka nokuzama ukuhlanganisa izitshalo ukuze bakhiqize izitshalo ezinezici ezithile kuye ngokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani noma zikhula kuphi, noma bafune imbewu ehlukile emhlabeni wonke engabiza u-$10 ngayinye ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezingafika ku-200 zezitshalo.
Esinye isicelo esinamandla asheshayo kanye nemiphumela ebalulekile yesikhashana ukudalwa kwezindawo eziluhlaza ezimnyama ezingamelana nezinambuzane ezindaweni ezithile lapho izixazululo ze-bioclimatic zingatholakala khona ngokusetshenziswa okuncane kwenhlabathi (i-bamboo ingatshalwa ngisho nasechibini lokubhukuda) ngaphandle komonakalo.
Bakhuluma ngezindawo eziseduze nemigwaqo emikhulu, amakhampasi ezikole, izindawo zezimboni, ama-plaza avulekile, uthango lwezindlu zokuhlala, ama-boulevards, noma izindawo ezingenazo izitshalo. Abasho ukuthi uqalo aluyona ikhambi elihlukile lezitshalo zasendaweni, kodwa njengethuluzi lokuhlinza lezindawo ezidinga ukumbozwa kwezitshalo ngokushesha. Lokhu kusiza ekubambeni i-carbon dioxide eningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kuhlinzeka ngo-35% we-oxygen eyengeziwe, futhi kwehlisa amazinga okushisa ngama-degree Celsius angu-15 ezimweni zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu.
Amanani aqala ku-€70 ($77) kuya ku-€500 ($550) ngemitha ngayinye ye-bamboo, kuye ngezindleko zokukhiqiza izitshalo kanye nokuhluka kwezinhlobo ezifunwayo. Utshani bunganikeza isakhiwo esizohlala amakhulu eminyaka, ngezindleko eziphansi ngemitha yesikwele ngayinye yokwakha, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphezulu eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphansi kakhulu ngemva kokuvuthwa nokungavuki.
Bangasekela lesi simangalo ngezikhali zesayensi. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwamadolobha aseYurophu angu-293 olwanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Nature luthole ukuthi izindawo zasemadolobheni, noma ngabe ziluhlaza, zigcina ukushisa okuphindwe kabili kuya kane kunezindawo ezimbozwe yizihlahla noma izitshalo ezinde. Amahlathi e-bamboo athatha i-carbon dioxide kunezinye izinhlobo zamahlathi.